PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of China	Ordovician of Britain				Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of Western Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian														Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian														Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Late Pliocene		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														Early Pliocene		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian														Late Miocene		7.246
				Serravallian														Middle Miocene		11.63
				Langhian														Middle Miocene		13.82
				Burdigalian														Early Miocene		15.98
				Aquitanian														Early Miocene		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian														Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian														Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian														Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian														Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian														Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Senonian	66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															Gallic	100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian															Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian											Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
				Bajocian												Humphresianum				168.4
				Aalenian											Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
															Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons					180.1
															Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
				Pliensbachian											Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
				Sinemurian											Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
				Hettangian											Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian												251.902
				Changhsingian				Baoqingian												253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian									Zechstein			254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Laibinian									Zechstein			257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan									Rotliegendes			259.51
				Wordian				Kuhfengian												264.28
				Roadian				Kuhfengian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian												273.01
				Artinskian				Luodianian									Autunian			283.5
				Artinskian				Longlinian												285.4 *
Sakmarian				290.1				Longlinian
Asselian				Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
							Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
							Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
						Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
									Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian		470
							Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
									Bendigonian		471.8 *
									Lancefieldian		473.5 *
							Moridunian				474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
							Cressagian				480.8 *
									Warendian		482.8 *
											Mansian †	483.55 *
							485 *				Mansian †
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												489.5
							Aksaian								490.7 *
							Sakian								492.2 *
														Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian												494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian								499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian								500.5
			Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan		Topazan						504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †						509
					Toyonian				Lenian †				510 *
				Dyeran	Toyonian								511 *
					Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3										514
				Montezuman									514.8 *
				Montezuman	Atdabanian								515.6 *
				Begadean	Atdabanian								519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian								521
			Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
			Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian			538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
			Tonian										Karatau			800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau			1000
			Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
			Ectasian										Yurmatian			1200
			Ectasian										Burzyan			1375
																				1400