PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127731 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian			66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic			100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras								168.2
				Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
				Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
								Planulata								179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
								Kanense								181.3 *
								Carlottense								182.3 *
								Kunae								183.5 *
				Pliensbachian				Kunae								184.2
								Freboldi								185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
				Sinemurian												192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
				Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
				Wuchiapingian											Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian			Zechstein	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian			Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian								Urzhumian				264.28
				Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
												Filipovian				276.5 *
												Saraninian				280.1 *
				Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian			Autunian	283.5
												Irginian				285.9 *
												Burtsevian				287.8 *
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
				Asselian							Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
												Uskalykian				294.8
												Surenian				297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Gzhelian										Xiaodushanian		300 *
				Kasimovian										Xiaodushanian		303.7
				Kasimovian										Dalaun		305.8 *
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
	Katian		445.2
	Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †				483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian							489.5
			Aksaian							490.7 *
			Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian						Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan						Early Cambrian	509
			Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian							514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200						Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan						1375
																1400