PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian														Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian														Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian														Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian														Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian														Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian														Waipipian	3
				Zanclean														Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean														Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian														Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian														Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian													Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian														Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian														Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian														Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian														Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian														Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian														Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian	23.03
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian														Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian														Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian														Bortonian	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian														Heretaungan	47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
																		Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian														Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian														Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian													Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
																		Mangaotanean	90.5
																		Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian														Arowhanan	93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																		Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														Motuan	100.5
																		Urutawan	103.3
																	Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian														Korangan	113
				Aptian															117.5
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
				Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian						450.4 *
				Mohawkian				Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dapingian								467.3
			Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian					Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
											Demingian †		Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10													487.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
									Aksaian						Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian						Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian													494
			Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian		499.5
			Drumian			Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian			Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan	Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan				505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
					Toyonian	Lenian †	Toyonian		510 *
Botomian					Botomian		512.5 *
Botomian			Stage 3		Botomian		514
Atdabanian			Stage 3			Atdabanian	515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian			Tommotian	521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian									Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau				1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan				1375
																			1400