PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of China		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian	3
				Zanclean									Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian									Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian	13.82
													Clifdenian	15.1
												Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian									Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian	23.03
													Duntroonian	25.2
													Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
												Arnold	Runangan	34.6
													Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian									Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian									Bortonian	41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
													Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian									Heretaungan	47.8
													Mangaorapan	48.9
													Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian	56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian				Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan					Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
													Mangaotanean	90.5
													Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan	93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
													Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan	100.5
													Urutawan	103.3
												Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian									Korangan	113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian	445.2
							Eastonian	449 *
							Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian				Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian				Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian				Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	470
							Bendigonian	471.8 *
							Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian				Lancefieldian	477.7
				Warendian			482.8 *
				Warendian			Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian					Jiangshanian		489.5
				Aksaian							490.7 *
				Sakian							492.2 *
			Paibian						Paibian		494
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian				Guzhangian		499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian				Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan				Duyunian		509
				Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian		Nangaoian		514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian		Nangaoian		515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		Meishucunian		521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
			Fortunian		Manykaian †			529
Jinnigian			Fortunian		Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
														1400