PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128152 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6	0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian						0.0042
				Greenlandian						0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean				0.129
						Irvingtonian				0.21
								Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian						0.774
						Blancan				1.4
								Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian		3
				Zanclean				Waipipian		3.6
								Opoitian		3.7
						Hemphillian		Opoitian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian						7.246
						Clarendonian				9.4
							Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5	11.63
						Barstovian				12.5
								Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian		13.82
								Clifdenian		15.1
							Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian						15.98
						Hemingfordian				16.3
						Arikareean				18.5
								Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian	Cenozoic 4	23.03
								Duntroonian		25.2
								Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian						27.82
						Whitneyan				29.5
						Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian			Cenozoic 3	33.9
							Arnold	Runangan		34.6
								Kaiatan		36.7
						Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian						37.71
								Bortonian		39.1
						Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2	41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
								Heretaungan		45.7
						Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian						47.8
								Mangaorapan		48.9
						Wasatchian		Mangaorapan		50.5
						Wasatchian		Waipawan		52
						Clarkforkian		Waipawan		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian		Teurian	Cenozoic 1	56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian		Puercan				63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8	66
			Campanian			Haumurian	Cretaceous 7	72.1
			Santonian			Piripauan	Cretaceous 6	83.6
			Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
			Coniacian					86.3
			Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
			Cenomanian			Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Cretaceous 4	100.5
						Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian			Korangan	Cretaceous 3	113
			Aptian				Cretaceous 3	117.5
			Barremian				Cretaceous 2	121.4
			Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	125.77
			Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	132.6
			Berriasian				Cretaceous 1	139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
			Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian				Jurassic 4	165.3
			Bajocian				Jurassic 4	168.2
			Aalenian				Jurassic 3	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3	174.7
			Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	184.2
			Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
			Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian				Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian				Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian				Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian				Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean				Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Ungurian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian			Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10	Payntonian					486.8 *
			Jiangshanian	Iverian					489.5
						Aksaian		490.7 *
						Sakian		492.2 *
			Paibian	Idamean		Sakian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan		Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian	497
				Boomerangian			Ayusokkanian	499
				Boomerangian			499.5
			Drumian	Undillan	Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian	Floran	Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian	Tuesaian	Cambrian 3	504.5
				Templetonian			505.3
				Ordian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
					Toyonian		510 *
					Toyonian		510.8 *
					Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian	Cambrian 2	514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian		515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
			Stage 2				525.5
			Fortunian			Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
										1400