PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian							7.246
				Tortonian		Pannonian			Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian		Sarmatian			Clarendonian				11.63
						Sarmatian			Barstovian				12.5
						Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
									Hemingfordian				16.3
									Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
									Whitneyan				29.5
									Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian					Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian				47.8
									Wasatchian				50.5
									Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian					Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian	66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic	100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Payntonian					486.8 *
				Payntonian					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian	Iverian						489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
									Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian	Idamean						494
			Paibian	Idamean				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
				Boomerangian			Ayusokkanian			499
				Boomerangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian	Undillan						500.5
			Drumian	Floran						503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian	Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
				Templetonian	Delamaran					506.5
				Ordian						507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4			Waucoban †				509
							Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
										510.8 *
					Dyeran					511 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3							514
					Montezuman					514.8 *
					Montezuman		Atdabanian			515.6 *
Begadean					519.9 *		Atdabanian
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
			Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
			Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
													635