PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian							0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean					Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean				Yushean							3.6
				Zanclean				Baodean							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian				Tunggurian							11.1
				Serravallian				Tunggurian							11.63
				Langhian				Shanwangian							13.82
				Burdigalian				Shanwangian							15.98
				Burdigalian				Xiejiaan							16.9
				Aquitanian				Xiejiaan							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A									33.9
				Bartonian		MP 16									37.71
				Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11									41.2
				Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5								56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian				Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian					259.51
				Wordian						Midian					264.28
				Wordian						Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian						Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian					273.01
				Kungurian						Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian						Bolorian					283.5
				Artinskian						Yakhtashian					286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †					298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †					303.7
			Kasimovian						305.9
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
			Paibian				Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian		499
			Drumian				Undillan		500.5
			Drumian				Floran		503
			Wuliuan				Templetonian		Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan				Ordian		Stage 5 †	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian			509
			Stage 4							510.8 *
			Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635