PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian				2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian				3
				Zanclean					Waipipian				3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan				7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian					Waiauan				11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian				13.82
									Clifdenian				15.1
								Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian				15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				23.03
									Duntroonian				25.2
									Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
								Arnold	Runangan				34.6
									Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian				41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
									Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan				47.8
									Mangaorapan				48.9
									Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian	Senonian			66
				Campanian					Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
									Mangaotanean				90.5
									Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan				93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
									Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	Gallic			100.5
									Urutawan				103.3
								Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian					Korangan				113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	Late Cambrian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
							Payntonian				486.8 *
							Payntonian				Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian				Iverian		489.5		Sunwaptan
			Jiangshanian				Iverian		Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian				Idamean		Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian				499
			Drumian	Undillan	500.5
			Drumian	Floran	503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
				Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
				Ordian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian			Early Cambrian	Waucoban †	509
									510.8 *
					Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran				514
					Montezuman				514.8 *
					Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
													1400