PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian				0.0117
		Chibanian						Sheridanian				0.129
		Chibanian						Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
		Calabrian						Cudahyan/Sappan				0.774
		Calabrian						Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
									Monroecreekian			23.1 *
									Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian							Geringian			27.82
		Rupelian										29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian										37
		Bartonian										37.71
		Bartonian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				47.8
								Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
		Thanetian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
		Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
		Selandian								To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian								To3/To2/To1		61.6
		Danian								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	Late Cambrian				Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian						486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian						489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian			Idamean					Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian				Ayusokkanian	497
					Boomerangian					Ayusokkanian	499
					Boomerangian						499.5
		Drumian			Undillan					Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian			Floran					Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian					Tuesaian	504.5
					Templetonian						505.3
					Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian					509
										Toyonian	510 *
										Toyonian	510.8 *
										Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian	514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian	521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
												538.8