PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America				Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian								Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean								Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian	Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian							Pannonian	Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian							Sarmatian	Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian								Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian								Agenian	20
		Aquitanian								Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
					Planulata						179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
					Kanense						181.3 *
					Carlottense						182.3 *
					Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae						184.2
					Freboldi						185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian									192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine				419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton				421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood				423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas				426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas				427.4
		Homerian	Wych	Woolhope				428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		489.5
		Paibian						Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian		499
		Drumian						Undillan		500.5
		Drumian						Floran		503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
											538.8