PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan		150
										Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian								Warepan		208.5
										Otamitan		217
										Oretian		221
		Carnian								Oretian		227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian								Etalian		238
		Anisian								Etalian		242
		Anisian								Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian		249
		Induan								Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian								Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian								Waiitian		254.14
										Puruhauan		254.2
							Tatarian	Vyatkian		Puruhauan		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian						Urzhumian		Barettian		266
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
								Irenian/Ufimian		Mangapirian		276
								Filipovian				276.5 *
								Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
								Sarginian		Telfordian		285
								Irginian				285.9 *
								Burtsevian				287.8 *
								Burtsevian				288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
								Uskalykian				294.8
								Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian							298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian							303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian							307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian							323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian							330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian								365.3 *
				Early Famennian								368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Srbsko		Givetian					382.7
			Middle Givetian								383.7 *
			Early Givetian								385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Chotec		Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Chotec		Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian					393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	Pragian		Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian								412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian								415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian	489.5
		Paibian									Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian									Boomerangian	499
		Drumian									Undillan	500.5
		Drumian									Floran	503
		Wuliuan									Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan									Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Ordian	509
												510.8 *