PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian					MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					MN 16		Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian					MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean					MN 15						3.6
							MN 14						4.2
							MN 13					Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian					MN 12						7.246
							MN 11						7.75
							MN 10						8.7
							MN 9						9.7
							MN 7 + 8					Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian					MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian					MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian					MN 5					Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian					MN 4					Shanwangian	15.98
							MN 3					Xiejiaan	16.9
							MN 2						20
		Aquitanian					MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian					MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10					Payntonian	Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian	Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian					Idamean	Paibian		494
		Paibian					Idamean	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian	Guzhangian			499
		Drumian					Undillan	Drumian			500.5
		Drumian					Floran	Drumian			503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian				Duyunian				509
		Stage 4					Duyunian				510.8 *
		Stage 3					Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian				530.7
													538.8