PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of China			Permian of North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian		3
				Zanclean											Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean											Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian											Tongaporutuan		7.246
				Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian											Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian											Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian											Lillburnian		13.82
															Clifdenian		15.1
														Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian											Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian											Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian		23.03
															Duntroonian		25.2
															Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
														Arnold	Runangan		34.6
															Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian		41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
															Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan		47.8
															Mangaorapan		48.9
															Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian		56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian		66
				Campanian											Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
															Mangaotanean		90.5
															Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan		93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
															Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan		100.5
															Urutawan		103.3
														Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian											Korangan		113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian		Wordian	264.28
			Roadian		Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian			Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
			Pragian						Siegen	407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian							Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian							Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian							Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian				485.4
			Stage 10							Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian	Iverian						489.5
			Paibian	Idamean						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan						497
				Mindyallan						Arcadian				498.4
				Boomerangian										499
			Drumian	Undillan										500.5
			Drumian	Floran										503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian										504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian										507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian						Branchian				509
			Stage 4											510.8 *
			Stage 3											514
			Stage 3							Placentian				517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian												Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau		1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan		1375
																	1400