PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan					56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian	66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic	100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan								Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian	Kathwai		251.902
														252.4 *
												Chhidru		252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian	Chhidru		254.14
												Kalabagh		255 *
												Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian			259.51
				Wordian										264.28
														265.3 *
												Amb		266.1 *
											Murgabian			266.2 *
				Roadian										266.9
				Roadian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian			273.01
				Kungurian							Bolorian			279.8
				Artinskian							Bolorian			283.5
				Artinskian							Yakhtashian			286
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian							Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian						300 *
				Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian						303.7
				Kasimovian				Dalaun						305.8 *
				Moscovian										307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
	Dapingian		Yapeenian		467.3		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
			Yapeenian		Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
			Castlemainian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian				470
			Chewtonian			Whitlandian	471.1 *
			Bendigonian				471.8 *
			Lancefieldian				473.5 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
						Cressagian	480.8 *
			Warendian			Cressagian	482.8 *
			Warendian				485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian							485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian							489.5
		Paibian	Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan							497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian							499
		Drumian	Undillan							500.5
		Drumian	Floran							503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian							504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian							507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian							509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan								1375
														1400