PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian										Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian										Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian											Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian												305.9
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian				453
						Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
				Dobrotivian					458.5 *
				Oretanian					459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
				Payntonian						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	486.8 *
				Payntonian						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian		Idamean						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan					St Davids		497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian							499
		Drumian		Undillan							500.5
		Drumian		Floran							503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian							504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian							507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian					Caerfai		509
		Stage 4									510.8 *
		Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8