PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			Tertiary †	Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian					3
		Zanclean						Waipipian					3.6
								Opoitian					3.7
								Opoitian				Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan					7.246
							Southland	Waiauan					11.04
												Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian											11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian				Shanwangian	13.82
								Clifdenian					15.1
							Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
												Xiejiaan	16.9
								Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian					23.03
								Duntroonian					25.2
								Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
							Arnold	Runangan					34.6
								Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
								Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan					47.8
								Mangaorapan					48.9
								Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian						Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
								Mangaotanean					90.5
								Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan					93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
								Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan					100.5
								Urutawan					103.3
							Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian						Korangan					113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian							485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian							489.5
		Paibian	Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian								499
		Drumian	Undillan								500.5
		Drumian	Floran								503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		Stage 5 †						504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		Stage 5 †						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian								509
													510.8 *