PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean													Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean													Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian													Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian													Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian													Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian													Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian													Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian													Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian									Autunian					283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
				Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
				Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
				Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian		Keila			Idavere †	453
				Haljala				453.9
				Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Kukruse						456.4 *
				Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
						Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
				Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
				Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
			Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
				Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †						467.3
					Arenigian							468
				Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
							Latorp †					470.1 *
				Hunneberg								473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg	Tremadocian							477.7
				Varangu								481.3 *
				Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort	Datsonian								485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
					Payntonian								486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian						489.5
		Paibian			Idamean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan						Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian								499
		Drumian			Undillan								500.5
		Drumian			Floran								503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian								Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian								Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian									509
																510.8 *