PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian						7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian					Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian								Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian								Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian		259.51
		Wordian							Midian		264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian							Murgabian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian	Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko		Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7	Devonian 3
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		489.5
		Paibian						Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian		499
		Drumian						Undillan		500.5
		Drumian						Floran		503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian	Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian		509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3							Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1	529
											538.8