PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian			3
				Zanclean					Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian					Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian			41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan			47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
									Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian			56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
				Campanian					Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean			90.5
									Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan			93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
									Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	Gallic		100.5
									Urutawan			103.3
								Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian					Korangan			113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
							Payntonian			486.8 *
							Payntonian			Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian				Iverian		489.5	Sunwaptan
			Jiangshanian				Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian				Idamean		Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian			499
			Drumian	Undillan	500.5
			Drumian	Floran	503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
				Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
				Ordian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian			Waucoban †	509
								510.8 *
					Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran			514
					Montezuman			514.8 *
					Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian					Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau			1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan			1375
												1400