PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of France	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		European Faunal Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian									Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean									Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian									Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian									Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian									Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian									Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian									Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian									Agenian	20
		Aquitanian									Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
		Bajocian								Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
									Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan							259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian							264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian							273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian							283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian							285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian							290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			485.4
						Payntonian		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			486.8 *
						Payntonian		Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian		Festiniogian			489.5
		Jiangshanian				Iverian		Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian				Idamean		Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	St Davids				497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian					499
		Drumian				Undillan					500.5
		Drumian				Floran				503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian	Caerfai			509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
												538.8