PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Germany	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian			Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian			Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian			Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian			Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean				2.58
		Piacenzian			Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean			Chapadmalalan				3.6
					Montehermosan				3.7 *
					Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
					Chasicoan				7.9 *
					Mayoan				9.9 *
					Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian			Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian			Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian			Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian			Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian			Friasian				15.98
					Santacrucian				16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian			Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian			Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian			Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian							37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Lutetian			Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian			Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian			Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Riochican				56
					Itaboraian				56.9 *
					Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan	150
								Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian		Warepan			208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian		266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
		Paibian				Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian	499
		Drumian				Undillan	500.5
		Drumian				Floran	503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian	509
									510.8 *