PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America		European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene			Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian			Late Pliocene			Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene			Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene			Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian						Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene			Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene			Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene			Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian						Agenian				20
				Aquitanian						Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
				Wuchiapingian										254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian								Urzhumian		264.28
				Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
				Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
												Filipovian		276.5 *
												Saraninian		280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †		293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian			Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian		323.2
			Visean			Chesterian		330.9
						Meramecian		335.8 *
						Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian		Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Couvinien	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien	Pragian	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian									485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian									486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian									489.5
		Paibian	Idamean									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan									497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian									499
		Drumian	Undillan									500.5
		Drumian	Floran									503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian									504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian									509
		Stage 4										510.8 *
		Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400