PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of North America					Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene								5.333
				Tortonian									Late Miocene								7.246
				Serravallian									Middle Miocene				Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Langhian									Middle Miocene								13.82
				Burdigalian									Early Miocene								15.98
				Aquitanian									Early Miocene								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene				Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene				Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene				Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene				Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene				Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian													Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian													Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian													Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian													Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian													Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian													Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian													Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian													Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian													Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian													Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian													Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian													Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian													Jurassic 2				184.2
				Sinemurian													Jurassic 1				192.9
				Hettangian													Jurassic 1				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian													Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian													Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Triassic 2				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													Triassic 2				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													Triassic 1				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													Triassic 1				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Permian 4				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian													Permian 3				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													Permian 2				273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian													Permian 1				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Carboniferous 5				298.9
Xiaodushanian				Gzhelian	300 *
Xiaodushanian				Kasimovian	303.7
Dalaun				Kasimovian	305.8 *
				Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
				Bashkirian		315.2
Huashibanian						318.5 *
Lousuan						321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	Carboniferous 2	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien			408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian		Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian			Kralodvorian		446 *
							Richmondian			Berounian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian						450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
			Sandbian				Chatfieldian		Ordovician 4				453
							Turinian						453.7 *
							Turinian						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Whiterockian						Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3							458.4
										Dobrotivian						458.5 *
										Oretanian						459.7 *
											Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian						Ordovician 2		Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian						468
							Rangerian									469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian				Tulean										473.9 *
	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				Tulean		Tremadocian		477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian				Demingian †					482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5		485.4
			Payntonian															486.8 *
			Payntonian															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Iverian															Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Iverian															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Idamean															Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan												Marjumian	Albertian †		Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian																499
		Drumian	Undillan																500.5
		Drumian	Floran																503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian												Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
			Templetonian												Delamaran				506.5
			Ordian																507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian													Waucoban †			509
																			510.8 *
															Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
															Montezuman				514.8 *
															Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian														Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau				1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian		1200												Yurmatian
		Ectasian		Burzyan												1375
																					1400