PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian		100.5
										Middle Albian		106.2 *
										Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian		113
		Aptian								Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian		139.8
										Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
										Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian		150
									Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
									Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian		174.7
								Herangi	Ururoan	Late Toarcian		176
										Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
										Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian							Warepan	Sevatian		208.5
										Alaunian		213.2 *
										Lacian		216.7 *
									Otamitan			217
									Oretian			221
		Carnian							Oretian	Tuvalian		227
								Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian		227.5
										Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian		237
									Etalian	Longobardian		238
										Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian		242
										Pelsonian		243.8 *
										Bithynian		244.7 *
										Aegean		245.5 *
									Malakovian	Aegean		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian		247.2
										Smithian		248.9 *
									Nelsonian	Smithian		249
		Induan								Dienerian		251.2
										Griesbachian		251.4 *
								DUrville	Makarewan	Griesbachian		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan			251.902
		Changhsingian							Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian	254.14						Waiitian
		Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean			Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian					485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian					489.5
		Paibian				Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan					497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian					499
		Drumian	Undillan	500.5
		Drumian	Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	509
												510.8 *