PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian				66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic				100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
							Filipovian					276.5 *
							Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
							Irginian					285.9 *
							Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian		Bursumian †		Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
							Uskalykian					294.8
							Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian								298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian								303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian								305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian								307
		Moscovian		Atokan								312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan								315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan								318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian					393.3
		Pragian		Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
								Payntonian		486.8 *
								Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian			499
		Drumian						Undillan			500.5
		Drumian						Floran			503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
								Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
								Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian		Waucoban †	509
											510.8 *
									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran		514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
					Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
												538.8