PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Permian of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Salt Range	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian								100.5
							Middle Albian								106.2 *
							Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian								113
		Aptian					Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian								139.8
							Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
							Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian								168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian								168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian								174.7
							Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
							Early Toarcian								182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian					Sevatian								208.5
							Alaunian								213.2 *
							Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian								227
		Carnian					Julian								233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian								237
		Ladinian					Fassanian								239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian								242
							Pelsonian								243.8 *
							Bithynian								244.7 *
							Aegean								245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian								247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian								248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian								251.2
							Griesbachian								251.4 *
						Kathwai	Griesbachian								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian		Kathwai									251.902
															252.4 *
						Chhidru									252.9 *
				Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian											254.14
						Kalabagh									255 *
						Wargal									256 *
				Laibinian											257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan											259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian											264.28
															265.3 *
						Amb									266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb									266.9
		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian	Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian				358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian				372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian				382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan		445.2
											Cautleyan		448.9 *
											Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
											Pusgillian		449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
							Actonian †						453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †							455.2 *
							Longvillian †				Aurelucian			456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Aurelucian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
							Arenig			Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
												Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Chewtonian		470
										Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
												Bendigonian		471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
										Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc			Migneintian		477.7
										Cressagian		480.8 *
			Warendian							Cressagian		482.8 *
			Warendian									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian											485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian	489.5
		Paibian	Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian	499
		Drumian	Undillan	500.5
		Drumian	Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	509
															510.8 *