PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian				Warepan									208.5
						Otamitan									217
						Oretian									221
		Carnian				Oretian									227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian				Etalian									238
		Anisian				Etalian									242
		Anisian				Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian									249
		Induan				Nelsonian									251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan								Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian										Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
			Chhidru				252.9 *
						Waiitian	253.2
				Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian			254.14
						Puruhauan	254.2
			Kalabagh				255 *
			Wargal				256 *
				Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian			Wordian		264.28
									265.3 *
						Barettian			266
			Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb				Roadian		266.9
		Roadian					Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian			Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
						Telfordian				285
				Longlinian				285.4 *
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian				Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian					Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian							Virgilian	300.1
		Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian	323.2
		Visean							Chesterian	330.9
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian							Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian							Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Datsonian	Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian			489.5
													Aksaian	490.7 *
													Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian									Idamean		Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
											Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian	499
											Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian									Undillan		Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian									Floran		Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan									Templetonian		Tuesaian	504.5
											Templetonian			505.3
											Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian		509
													Toyonian	510 *
											510.8 *		Toyonian
											Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian		514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian		521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian											529
															538.8