PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Late Albian		100.5
														Middle Albian		106.2 *
														Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian										Late Aptian		113
				Aptian										Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian										Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian										Late Berriasian		139.8
														Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
														Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian										Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian										Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian										Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian											Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras							Late Bajocian		168.2
							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							Late Bajocian		168.4
							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							Late Toarcian		174.7
							Planulata									179.3 *
									Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
														Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
							Kanense									181.3 *
							Carlottense									182.3 *
							Carlottense							Early Toarcian		182.9 *
							Kunae							Early Toarcian		183.5 *
				Pliensbachian			Kunae							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
							Freboldi									185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
				Sinemurian										Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
				Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian										Sevatian		208.5
														Alaunian		213.2 *
														Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian										Tuvalian		227
				Carnian										Julian		233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Longobardian		237
				Ladinian										Fassanian		239.7 *
				Anisian										Illyrian		242
														Pelsonian		243.8 *
														Bithynian		244.7 *
														Aegean		245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Spathian		247.2
				Olenekian										Smithian		248.9 *
				Induan										Dienerian		251.2
				Induan										Griesbachian		251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian										251.902
				Changhsingian		Baoqingian										253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian						470
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian						477.7
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian							485.4
			Stage 10			Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian			Iverian		489.5
			Paibian			Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian			Boomerangian	499
			Drumian			Undillan	500.5
			Drumian			Floran	503
			Wuliuan			Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan			Ordian	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian	509
			Stage 4				510.8 *
			Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
																635