PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian					0.0117
				Chibanian						Lujanian					0.129
				Chibanian						Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Calabrian						Ensenadan					0.774
				Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
				Gelasian						Sanandresian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean					2.58
				Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Zanclean						Chapadmalalan					3.6
										Montehermosan					3.7 *
										Huayquerian					4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
										Chasicoan					7.9 *
										Mayoan					9.9 *
										Laventan					10.9 *
				Serravallian						Laventan					11.63
				Serravallian						Colloncuran					13.7 *
				Langhian						Colloncuran					13.82
				Langhian						Friasian					15.4 *
				Burdigalian						Friasian					15.98
										Santacrucian					16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
				Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian					20.44
				Aquitanian						Deseadan					20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
				Rupelian						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican					33.9
				Priabonian						Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Lutetian						Mustersan					41.9 *
				Ypresian						Mustersan					47.8
				Ypresian						Casamayoran					47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican					56
										Itaboraian					56.9 *
										Peligran					58.9 *
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
				Danian						Tiupampan					62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	Meishanian	251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
					Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
					Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian	264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb		266.9
			Roadian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian		Zisongian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian				Virgilian	300.1
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Stage 10						Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian						Iverian		489.5
			Paibian						Idamean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	497
									Mindyallan		Arcadian	498.4
									Boomerangian			499
			Drumian						Undillan			500.5
			Drumian						Floran			503
Wuliuan			Templetonian						504.5
Wuliuan			Ordian						507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Ordian						Branchian	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4									510.8 *
		Stage 3									514
		Stage 3							Placentian		517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2									521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian									1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan									1375
															1400