PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of North America	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian										100.5
				Middle Albian										106.2 *
				Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian										113
		Aptian		Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian										139.8
				Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
				Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian										174.7
				Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
				Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian		Sevatian										208.5
				Alaunian										213.2 *
				Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian										227
		Carnian		Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian										237
		Ladinian		Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian										242
				Pelsonian										243.8 *
				Bithynian										244.7 *
				Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian										248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian										251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian										251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian						264.9 *
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
		Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian						283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian						287.6 *
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian			Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	Dorogomilovian						303.7
			Khamovnikian			304.8
			Krevyakinian			305.8 *
			Krevyakinian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Podolskian					308.9 *
			Kashirian					311.4 *
			Kashirian			Atokan		312.7 *
			Vereian					313.8
			Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
			Cheremshanian					316.9 *
			Cheremshanian			Morrowan		318.4 *
			Prikamian					318.6 *
			Severokeltmian					319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
			Voznesenian					321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Meramecian		Tulian	335.8 *
			Meramecian		Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Osagean		Bobrikian	343.1 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
			Kinderhookian		Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill				Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
				Caradoc				Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
				Arenig				Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
										Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian		470
								Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
										Bendigonian		471.8 *
										Lancefieldian		473.5 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc				Migneintian				477.7
								Cressagian				480.8 *
								Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
										Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10								Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian			489.5
		Paibian								Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Mindyallan		Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian								Boomerangian			499
		Drumian								Undillan			500.5
		Drumian								Floran			503
		Wuliuan								Templetonian			504.5
		Wuliuan								Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Ordian		Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8