PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Tarantian		0.0117
				Chibanian														Ionian		0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
				Induan																251.2
				Induan													Kathwai			251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai			251.902
																				252.4 *
																	Chhidru			252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †									Chhidru			254.14
																	Kalabagh			255 *
																	Wargal			256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
																				265.3 *
																	Amb			266.1 *
				Roadian													Amb			266.9
				Roadian																270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian	Virgilian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian	Missourian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
				Missourian	Dalaun	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian	Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
				Morrowan		318.4 *
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian	330.9
					Jiusian	335 *
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju		Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
	Valaste †/Hunderum								Kunda	464.3 *
									Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Volkhov		467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen		469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Latorp †										470.1 *
								Hunneberg	473.7 *
			Tremadocian					Hunneberg	477.7
								Varangu	481.3 *
								Pakerort	482.2 *
									Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean						Taoyuanian †			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian												489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian	Paibian												494
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
									Waergangian †/Youshuanian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian						Wangcunian †			Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Drumian										Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										Stage 5 †			Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian													Amgan/Solvan	509
														Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian											Botomian			514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian											Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian											Tommotian			521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian														Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian													Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635