PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian							66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic							100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Melekhovian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Wordian									Noginskian						264.9 *
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Kungurian									Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
		Artinskian									Pavlovoposadian						283.5
		Artinskian									Rusavkinian						287.6 *
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian									Dorogomilovian						303.7
											Khamovnikian						304.8
											Krevyakinian						305.8 *
		Moscovian									Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
			Cheremshanian				316.9 *
			Prikamian				318.6 *
			Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
			Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian			323.2
			Protvian				324.4 *
			Steshevian				326.8 *
			Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Venevian	Middle Mississippian			330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Cheneyan		Gisbornian	452 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian			Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
						Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
									Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian		470
							Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
									Bendigonian		471.8 *
									Lancefieldian		473.5 *
							Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
							Cressagian				480.8 *
							Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
									Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Niuchehean				Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian				Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Paibian					494
		Paibian							Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	St Davids		497
		Drumian							Drumian		Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian						Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian							530.7
																	538.8