PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128254 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of England		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Britain					Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †															2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian																		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																		293.52
				Asselian								Kuzel										297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Kuzel										298.9
												Stephanian	Stephanian C									300.3 *
													Stephanian B									300.9 *
													Stephanian A									301.4 *
				Kasimovian									Stephanian A									303.7
				Kasimovian									Cantabrian									305 *
				Moscovian									Cantabrian									307
Westphalian					Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
				Bashkirian	Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
Namurian					Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian		346.7
Tournaisian				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
		Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas			427.4
			Homerian			Wych	Woolhope			428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian			Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
			Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
	Actonian †											453.2 *
	Marshbrookian †											Woolstonian †	454.2 *
	Longvillian †							455.2 *
	Longvillian †							Aurelucian			456.8 *
	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Aurelucian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig					Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian				470
								Whitlandian				471.1 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc					Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc					Cressagian				480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Datsonian	485.4
															Payntonian	486.8 *
															Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian			Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian			Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Paibian			Idamean		494
		Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		Idamean		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian										Guzhangian					Boomerangian	499
		Drumian										Drumian					Undillan	500.5
		Drumian										Drumian					Floran	503
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		Topazan	Templetonian	504.5
																	Delamaran	Templetonian	506.5
																		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian				Waucoban †		Ordian	509
																			510.8 *
																	Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3										Nangaoian					Dyeran		514
					Montezuman												514.8 *
					Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian								530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †			Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †			Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
		Tonian																		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000											Karatau
		Stenian							Yurmatian											1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian											1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan											1375
																						1400