PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Sheridanian												0.0117
				Chibanian			Sheridanian												0.129
				Chibanian			Cudahyan/Sappan												0.21
				Calabrian			Cudahyan/Sappan												0.774
				Calabrian			Senecan/Rexroadian												1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian												4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian												9.4
				Serravallian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian												11.63
				Serravallian			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian												12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
							Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian												16.3
							late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian											18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
								Monroecreekian											23.1 *
								Geringian											24.7 *
				Rupelian				Geringian											27.82
				Rupelian															29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian												33.9
				Priabonian															37
				Bartonian															37.71
				Bartonian			Late Uintan/Early Uintan												39.7
				Lutetian			Late Uintan/Early Uintan												41.2
				Lutetian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian												46.2
				Ypresian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian												47.8
							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean												50.5
									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1										54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1										56
				Thanetian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1										56.2
				Selandian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1										59.2
				Selandian					To3/To2/To1										60.9
				Danian					To3/To2/To1										61.6
				Danian					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1										63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian	Midian	264.28
			Wordian	Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian				273.01
					Cathedralian	Bolorian				279.8
					Hessian					281.9 *
			Artinskian							283.5
						Yakhtashian				286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian				286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian		Nealian	Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian					Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian					Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian					Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian		323.2
			Visean					Chesterian		330.9
								Meramecian		335.8 *
								Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian					Kinderhookian		351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian		393.3
			Pragian					Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian						Paibian					494
			Paibian						Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian						Drumian				Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian					509
Stage 3		Series 2	Nangaoian						514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																			1400