PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian				Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan						56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian			Paibian		494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian				530.7
											538.8