PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Cambrian Epochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan								Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian								Rancholabrean	0.129
												Irvingtonian	0.21
										Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian									0.774
												Blancan	1.4
										Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian			3
				Zanclean						Waipipian			3.6
										Opoitian			3.7
										Opoitian		Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian									7.246
												Clarendonian	9.4
									Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian									11.63
												Barstovian	12.5
										Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian									15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
										Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian	33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian									37.71
										Bortonian			39.1
												Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian									41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
												Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian									47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Mangaorapan		Wasatchian	50.5
										Waipawan		Wasatchian	52
										Waipawan		Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian								Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian								Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian								Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian								Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian								Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
			Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
			Coniacian				86.3
			Turonian				89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian					Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian					Kuhfengian	264.28
			Wordian				Noginskian		264.9 *
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian	273.01
			Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Artinskian						283.5
								Longlinian	285.4 *
							Rusavkinian		287.6 *
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian					Zisongian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian						300.1
			Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
							Khamovnikian		304.8
							Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
							Podolskian		308.9 *
							Kashirian		311.4 *
							Vereian		313.8
							Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
			Visean			Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
Katian			445.2
Sandbian			453
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	458.4
Middle Ordovician		Dapingian	467.3
Early Ordovician		Floian	470
Early Ordovician		Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10	Niuchehean						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Paibian							494
		Paibian	Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian		Wangcunian †		Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian			Early Cambrian	Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian				Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
													635