PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan											150
						Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian				Warepan											208.5
						Otamitan											217
						Oretian											221
		Carnian				Oretian											227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian				Etalian											238
		Anisian				Etalian											242
		Anisian				Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian											249
		Induan				Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan											251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian			Zechstein		Longtanian †						254.14
						Puruhauan											254.2
						Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Urzhumian				266
		Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian		276
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian		283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian			285
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
						Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian		410.8
									Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Paibian				494
		Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Drumian			Wangcunian †		Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian						Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4						Duyunian							Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3						Nangaoian							Dyeran	514
															Montezuman	514.8 *
															Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian						Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian								530.7
																	538.8