PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian			3
		Zanclean				Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian			13.82
						Clifdenian			15.1
					Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian			23.03
						Duntroonian			25.2
						Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
					Arnold	Runangan			34.6
						Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian			41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
						Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan			47.8
						Mangaorapan			48.9
						Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian			56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
		Campanian				Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
						Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan			93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
						Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	Gallic		100.5
						Urutawan			103.3
					Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian				Korangan			113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian					Paibian		494
		Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian	Paibian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian	530.7
									538.8