PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean									Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean									Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian									Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian									Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian									Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian									Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian									Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian									Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian					Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
				Carnian					Oretian								227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian					Etalian								238
				Anisian					Etalian								242
				Anisian					Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian								249
Induan				251.2					Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
					Barettian			266
						Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
					Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
						Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
						Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian						Paibian		494
			Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian					509
		Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian					521
Fortunian			529				Meishucunian
Fortunian			Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian	Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian											Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau			1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan			1375
																	1400