PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian											Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
															Kawhia	Ohauan				150
																Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian												Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian												Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian												Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian												Warepan				208.5
																Otamitan				217
																Oretian				221
				Carnian												Oretian				227
				Carnian											Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian												Etalian				238
				Anisian												Etalian				242
				Anisian												Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian												Nelsonian				249
				Induan												Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan											DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
				Changhsingian												Waiitian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian												Waiitian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian												Puruhauan				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
				Wordian									Wordian			Flettian	Leine			264.28
				Wordian									Wordian			Barettian	Leine			266
				Roadian									Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
														Cathedralian		Mangapirian				276
														Hessian						281.9 *
				Artinskian																283.5
																Telfordian				285
													Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Telfordian				286.1 *
																				288.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian										Nealian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
				Tournaisian																346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian																382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian																387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian																393.3
				Pragian																407.6
				Lochkovian																410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan										419.2
									Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan										421.3
									Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran										422.5 *
Ludlow			Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian			425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas	426.4 *
Wenlock			Homerian		Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian	Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
Llandovery			Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian				436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
						Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Niuchehean			Sunwaptan						487.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan						489.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian			Steptoean						493 *
			Paibian						Paibian									494
			Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian								494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †						497
			Drumian						Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian							500.5
			Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan							504.5
	Delamaran		Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Delamaran	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian		Waucoban †	509
	Dyeran		Stage 4						Duyunian			511 *
	Dyeran		Stage 3						Nangaoian			514
	Montezuman											514.8 *
	Begadean											519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian			521
			Fortunian						Meishucunian			529
			Fortunian						Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian										Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau							1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan			1375
																				1400