PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
				Bajocian									Humphresianum		168.4
				Aalenian								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
												Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
												Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Pliensbachian								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
				Sinemurian								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
				Hettangian								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan						Kathwai					251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai	Dorashamian				251.902
															252.4 *
										Chhidru					252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian						Chhidru	Dzhulfian				254.14
										Kalabagh					255 *
										Wargal					256 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian		264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
				Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian			266.9
			Roadian			270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian		273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian		283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian		286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian			Ungurian			Xinchangian	477.7
			Tremadocian			Ungurian		Lianghekou †	Xinchangian	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian				485.4
			Stage 10			Niuchehean			Festiniogian					489.2 *
			Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian								489.5
										Aksaian				490.7 *
										Sakian				492.2 *
									Maentwrogian			493.1 *
			Paibian			Paibian						494
			Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	St Davids		Ayusokkanian		497
			Guzhangian			Guzhangian						499.5
			Drumian			Drumian				Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian			Drumian				Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian				Tuesaian		504.5
			Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian				505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		Caerfai		509
	Toyonian									510 *
	Botomian									512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3			Nangaoian				514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3			Nangaoian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian			Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian			720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000
		Ectasian			1200
		Calymmian			1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian			1600
		Orosirian			1800
		Rhyacian			2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600