PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian					Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian			453
					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dobrotivian				458.5 *
			Oretanian				459.7 *
				Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10	Niuchehean						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Paibian							494
		Paibian	Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian				Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian					Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian					Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian					Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
											538.8