PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China			Silurian of England		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean												Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean												Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian												Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian												Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian												Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian												Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian												Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian								Autunian					283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
				Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
				Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
			Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
					Adavere	434 *
						436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
			Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean			Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian			Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian				Paibian					494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †		Series 3 †		497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian		Delamaran	Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4				Duyunian		Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3				Nangaoian		Dyeran					514
								Montezuman					514.8 *
								Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian							530.7
															538.8