PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian Subages of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America		Ordovician of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian												Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian												Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian												Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian												Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian												Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian												Waipipian	3
				Zanclean												Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean												Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian												Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian												Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian												Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian												Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian												Lillburnian	13.82
																Clifdenian	15.1
															Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian												Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian												Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian												Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian	23.03
																Duntroonian	25.2
																Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
															Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian												Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian												Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian												Bortonian	41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian												Heretaungan	47.8
																Mangaorapan	48.9
																Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian												Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian												Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
																Mangaotanean	90.5
																Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian												Arowhanan	93.9
															Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan	100.5
																Urutawan	103.3
															Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian												Korangan	113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein	Melekhovian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller		Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian					Leine		Wordian	264.28
			Wordian					Leine	Noginskian	Wordian	264.9 *
			Roadian							Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
									Pavlovoposadian		Cathedralian	276.8 *
											Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian								Hessian	283.5
										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
									Rusavkinian			287.6 *
			Sakmarian									290.1
			Asselian								Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian			303.7
									Khamovnikian			304.8
									Krevyakinian			305.8 *
			Moscovian						Myachkovian			307
									Podolskian			308.9 *
									Kashirian			311.4 *
									Vereian			313.8
									Melekessian			314.8
			Bashkirian						Melekessian			315.2
									Cheremshanian			316.9 *
									Prikamian			318.6 *
									Severokeltmian			319.9 *
									Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
									Voznesenian			321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Zapaltjubian			323.2
									Protvian			324.4 *
									Steshevian			326.8 *
									Tarusian			329 *
			Visean						Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian					331.9 *
				Aleksinian					333.7 *
				Tulian					335.8 *
				Bobrikian					339.9 *
				Radaevkian					343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian					346.7
				Kizelian					350.7 *
				Cherepetian					351.9 *
				Karakubian					354.4 *
				Upinian					356.3 *
				Malevkian					357.6 *
				Gumerovian					358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
Edenian							450.4 *
Mohawkian					Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian		453
					Turinian		453.7 *
Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dapingian					467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian			469.1 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean				Ungurian			477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †				482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian				485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean						487.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian						489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian				Paibian						494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian				Drumian		Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian				Drumian		Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian		Tuesaian				504.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian						509
								Toyonian				510 *
								Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3				Nangaoian		Botomian				514
		Stage 3				Nangaoian		Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian		Tommotian				521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																	1400