PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian		Yushean		2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian				3
				Zanclean							Waipipian				3.6
											Opoitian				3.7
											Opoitian		Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan	Pannonian			7.246
										Southland	Waiauan				11.04
													Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian								Sarmatian			11.63
												Badenian			12.8 *
											Lillburnian	Badenian			13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian		Shanwangian		13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian											15.98
													Xiejiaan		16.9
											Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian				23.03
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian				41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan				47.8
											Mangaorapan				48.9
											Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian				56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian							Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
											Mangaotanean				90.5
											Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan				93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
											Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan				100.5
											Urutawan				103.3
										Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian							Korangan				113
				Aptian	117.5
				Barremian	121.4
				Hauterivian	125.77
				Valanginian	132.6
				Berriasian	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
				Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Oxfordian		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian		168.2
				Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
				Pliensbachian		184.2
				Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
				Norian		208.5
				Carnian		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian		264.28
				Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
				Artinskian		283.5
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
				Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
				Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
				Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
				Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
				Frasnian		Late Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian		382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
				Eifelian		Late Eifelian		387.7
				Eifelian		Early Eifelian		390.3 *
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian		393.3
				Emsian		Early Emsian		398.3 *
				Pragian		Pragian		407.6
				Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
		Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
			Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
				Aeronian				438.5
				Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
			Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian					477.7
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10	Niuchehean								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian	Paibian									494
			Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian								494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian	Drumian	Wangcunian †						Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian							Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian							Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian							Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4	Duyunian							Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3	Nangaoian							Dyeran		514
	Montezuman										514.8 *
	Begadean										519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
			Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean													2500
	Mesoarchean						2800
	Paleoarchean						3200
	Eoarchean						3600
Hadean							4000
															4600