PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian									Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan						56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian												Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian												Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian												Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian												Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian												Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian												Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian												Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Chesterian		323.2
		Visean												Chesterian		330.9
														Meramecian		335.8 *
														Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian												Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian												Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian													Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian													Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Paibian						494
		Paibian					Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian		Wangcunian †		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian					Drumian		Wangcunian †		Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Duyunian				Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3					Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian						530.7
																538.8