PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian				3
		Zanclean						Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian				13.82
								Clifdenian				15.1
							Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian				23.03
								Duntroonian				25.2
								Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
							Arnold	Runangan				34.6
								Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian				41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
								Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan				47.8
								Mangaorapan				48.9
								Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian				56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian						Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
								Mangaotanean				90.5
								Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan				93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
								Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan				100.5
								Urutawan				103.3
							Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian						Korangan				113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian				489.5			Sunwaptan
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian				Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian	Paibian							494
		Paibian	Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian				Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian					Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian					Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian					Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
												538.8