PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127456 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian											66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic											100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Zechstein										254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian								256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes		Severodvinian								259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian								264.28
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian								266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian								273.01
									Filipovian								276.5 *
									Saraninian								280.1 *
		Artinskian					Autunian	Artinskian	Sarginian								283.5
									Irginian								285.9 *
									Burtsevian								287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian					Pragian		407.6
		Pragian					Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian			Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian	453
									Turinian	453.7 *
						Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Niuchehean					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Paibian						494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Duyunian				Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian						530.7
																	538.8