PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Devonian of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of the Baltic			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
				Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
				Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian			100.5
												Middle Albian			106.2 *
												Early Albian			109.9 *
				Aptian								Late Aptian			113
				Aptian								Early Aptian			119.5 *
				Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian								Late Berriasian			139.8
												Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
												Early Berriasian			142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
				Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
				Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
				Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian								Late Bajocian			168.2
				Bajocian								Early Bajocian			168.6 *
				Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian			174.7
												Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
												Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
				Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian								Sevatian			208.5
												Alaunian			213.2 *
												Lacian			216.7 *
				Carnian								Tuvalian			227
				Carnian								Julian			233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian			237
				Ladinian								Fassanian			239.7 *
				Anisian								Illyrian			242
												Pelsonian			243.8 *
												Bithynian			244.7 *
												Aegean			245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian			247.2
				Olenekian								Smithian			248.9 *
				Induan								Dienerian			251.2
												Griesbachian			251.4 *
												Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Kathwai	251.902
															252.4 *
														Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian										Chhidru	254.14
														Kalabagh	255 *
														Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
															265.3 *
														Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian										Amb	266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
										486.3 *
					486.5
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		Paibian		494
			Paibian		Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian		Wangcunian †		497
			Drumian		Drumian		Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian		Meishucunian				529
			Fortunian		Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
			Tonian								Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
															1400