PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene			Villanyian					2.58
				Piacenzian				Late Pliocene			Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene			Ruscinian					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene			Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian					7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian					8.7
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene			Astaracian					11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene			Astaracian					13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene			Orleanian					15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian					20
				Aquitanian							Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
				Wuchiapingian												254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian									Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
													Filipovian			276.5 *
													Saraninian			280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian			365.3 *
							Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Couvinien	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien	Pragian	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean									Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian	Paibian										494
		Paibian	Paibian									Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian									Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian									Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian										521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian										529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian										530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																1400